Feature engineering involves systematically transforming raw data into meaningful and informative features (predictors). It is an indispensable process in machine learning and data science. This ...

a.The architecture of the all-optical CNN for OAM-mediated machine learning, which can be applied to encode a data-specific image into OAM states. The photonic neural network comprises a trainable ...

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are emerging as transformative tools that enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices. With recent advancements in Electroencephalography ...